Annunziata Palumbo†, Mario Versaci‡
Abstract: This work presents an energy management system for stand-alone direct current microgrids, based on a fuzzy controller that employs a bracket operator. The system takes as input the net power and the state of charge of the storage unit, processed through a structure in- spired by proportional-integral-derivative regulators. The control logic effectively governs the activation of the fuel cell, optimizing resource usage while maintaining operational stability. The performance of the system, validated on both simulated and real data, shows a high degree of consistency in the two contexts, confirming the reliability of the approach and the potential of simulation as a support tool for designing real-world systems with a low error margin.
Keywords: microgrid control, fuzzy bracket controller, PID-inspired fuzzy logic, intelligent energy management system.
MSC: 93A30, 93C42, 68T27, 90B30.
DOI 10.56082/annalsarscimath.2025.3.133
† apalumbo@unime.it, MIFT Department, University of Messina, Viale F. d’Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
‡ mario.versaci@unirc.it, DICEAM Department, Mediterranea University, Via Ze- hender (ex Via Graziella Feo di Vito), I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
PUBLISHED in Annals Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Mathematics and Its Application, Volume 17 no 3, 2025
