Ilie-Cornel ZETTEL 1, Alin CIOBICA2,3,4 *, Cristina MARTINIUC5, Ioannis MAVROUDIS 4,6, Razvan Cosmin TUDOR7
Abstract. Surgery has evolved from rudimentary, high-risk procedures to a sophisticated discipline increasingly augmented by robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). This presentation explores the integration of these technologies into modern surgical practice, highlighting their impact on precision, patient safety, and clinical outcomes. Robotic systems, exemplified by platforms such as the da Vinci and ZEUS Surgical Systems, enhance minimally invasive procedures by improving dexterity, reducing human error, and providing high-resolution three-dimensional visualization. Complementing this, AI leverages vast datasets to support intraoperative decision-making, predict perioperative risks, and standardize procedural assessments. Applications span multiple specialties, including urology, gynecology, cardiothoracic, pediatric, and reconstructive surgery, with telesurgery offering the potential to expand access to expert care globally. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including technological limitations, steep learning curves, latency in remote operations, and ethical, legal, and data privacy concerns. AI models face issues of generalizability, interpretability, and clinical validation, requiring careful integration into workflows to augment rather than replace human judgment. By examining the history, development, and current applications of robotic and AI-assisted surgery, this presentation underscores their transformative potential to redefine surgical standards, personalize patient care, and guide the education of future medical professionals.
Keywords: Modern Surgery, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence .
DOI 10.56082/annalsarscibio.2025.2.198
1 Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania
3 CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
4 Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3, Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
5 SC AUTEUR SRL, Baltati, Iasi
6 Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
7 Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Surgical Science (II), Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Corresponding author e-mail: alin.ciobica@uaic.ro
PUBLISHED in Annals Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Biological Sciences, Volume 14 no 2, 2025