THE TURKISH-SOVIET COOPERATION AND THE RELATION WITH
ROMANIA AT THE BLACK SEA IN
THE INTERWAR PERIOD
Abstract.
The first Romanian-Turkish
contacts took place on the occasion of the Lausanne Conference (November 20,
1922 July 24, 1923), the Turkish delegation appealing to the good diplomatic
Romanian delegation services[1].
Romania witnessed the arrival at the meeting, "arm in arm", of the
National Assembly from Ankara represented by General Ismet Pasha, who became
foreign minister with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics represented
by Gheorghi Vasilievichi Cicerin, Commissioner for Foreign Affairs in the bolshevik-communist government - of Moscow. The expression
belongs to the Romanian diplomat, Constantin Diamandy,
member of the Romanian delegation, led by I.G. Duca, Minister of Foreign
Affairs and was expressed in a conference held in Bucharest on the topic of the
"Straits Problem" in 1924[2]. At
that time, the Turkish-Soviet alliance was quite threatening for the young
states of Central Europe and the Balkans. At Lausanne, on one side are present
the Allied and Associated Powers, on the other side is Turkey alone. However,
according to the statements of C. Diamandy,
"behind Turkey loomed the enigmatic shadow of its alliance with the
Soviets"[3],
the great absentee from Versailles. Also, Turkey presented itself twice
victorious in Switzerland - in external military terms, through the victory
over the Greek army, achieved by Mustafa Kemal - Ismet Pasha tandem after a
tough war led by massacres and massive displacement of the population and
through the internal victory, the overthrow of the Sultanate, as well as the
desire to completely break the ties with the Ottoman past. From the Turkish
point of view, the Treaty of S vres represented a
thing of the past. The Allies were no longer in Lausanne facing a defeated
enemy, but a victorious one, and the negotiations had many compromises and
concessions.
Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Turkey, Lausanne, USSR, Balkan Pact, Romania
DOI 10.56082/annalsarscihist.2024.1-2.41
