Academy of Romanian Scientists

Journal of Knowledge Dynamics

Informatics Technologies in Scientific Diplomacy, in the

Context of Classical and Cyber Diplomacy

Bogdan TIGANOAIA¹, Petrisor-Ionut ANGHEL²

¹National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest;

Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania;

bogdan.tiganoaia@upb.ro (corresponding author)

²National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest;

Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania;

petrisoranghel2906@gmail.com

Received: March 17, 2026

Revised: April 10, 2026

Accepted: May 25, 2026

Published: June 30, 2026

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the authors' research for 14 months within a project

funded by the Romanian Academy of Scientists. The design, implementation and testing of a

decentralized web3 platform, based on Blockchain technologies – including smart contracts and

Quantum, useful for education and diplomacy, is presented. The platform can also be used for

knowledge management - for explicit knowledge flows. Our architecture allows quantum-

enhanced authentication

–

offering an experimental, but future-oriented alternative to

completely classical systems. It consists of a modular, layered structure, which includes the

components: frontend, backend, quantum service integration, decentralized storage (IPFS) and

blockchain registry. The platform is implemented and tested using several work scenarios. The

paper demonstrates the efficacy of a decentralized academic infrastructure capable of

harmonizing hybrid security paradigms with distributed storage technologies. Theoretically and

technically, the major contribution of this work lies in the transition from a theoretical model to

a fully operational system validated through an end-to-end workflow.

Keywords: science, diplomacy, cyber, blockchain, technology.

Introduction

Diplomacy (classical) is the art, science, and means by which nations, groups, or

individuals conduct their affairs so as to protect their interests and promote their political,

economic, cultural, or scientific relations, while maintaining peaceful relations

(https://www.cyber-diplomacy-toolbox.com/Diplomacy.html, accessed in 2025). The

word diplomacy originally comes from the Ancient Greek term δίπλωμα (a double-folded

paper, a license, a map), referring to a document that allows someone to travel or have

privileges. From the term δίπλωμα comes the later Latin term diploma (a state document,

an official document). The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) establishes

the rules for the exchange and treatment of representatives between states and facilitates

the development of good governance and friendly relations between nations, regardless

of constitutional and social systems (obviously different, with substantial differences) -

adapted from (https://www.cyber-diplomacy-toolbox.com/Diplomacy.html, accessed in

2025). Among the essential points of the Convention we can mention:

1. rules on the appointment of foreign representatives / states;

2. rules on the expulsion of diplomats, as the main sanction;

3. the right of diplomatic communication;

4. protection of diplomats;

5. protection of diplomats' families;

6. immunity from civil and administrative jurisdiction;

How to cite

Tiganoaia, B. & Anghel, P.I. (2026). Informatics Technologies in Scientific Diplomacy, in the context

of Classical and Cyber Diplomacy. Journal of Knowledge Dynamics, Vol. 3, No.1, pp. 31-43.

https://doi.org/10.56082/jkd.2026.1.31 ISSN ONLINE 3061-2640

32 | Bogdan TIGANOAIA, Petrisor-Ionut ANGHEL

Informatics Technologies in Scientific Diplomacy, in the Context of Classical and Cyber Diplomacy

7. the obligation of diplomats to respect the laws of the host state, etc.

Diplomacy has some distinctive characteristics that differentiate it from other types of

communication and negotiation. Diplomacy can be (adapted from O. P. Jindal Global

University, accessed in 2025):

– Bilateral: as is usually the case, which means that it involves two actors or

parties. The aim is to establish and maintain mutually beneficial relations.

– Multilateral: there are situations of such diplomacy, which means that it

involves more than two actors or parties. The aim is to create and maintain a

collective and cooperative relationship between the parties.

– Continuous: this actually involves a process, not an event. The process is a long-

term one whose goal is the constant and consistent involvement and interaction

between the parties.

– Flexible: diplomacy is adaptable, it is not rigid or fixed, but rather adjustable –

this implies that methods and tools can be modified over time, depending on the

situation the parties are facing.

The four fundamental principles / stages of effective diplomacy:

1. negotiation,

2. communication,

3. relationship building,

4. promotion of interests.

These principles are interconnected and work in harmony to facilitate successful

diplomatic engagements. Diplomacy is based on a long-term vision and strategic thinking

(Bratianu & Lefter, 2001).

The main types of diplomacy

The next part of the paper explains the main types of diplomacy (selection, of the most

important):

1. Public diplomacy – often confused with classical diplomacy, being the oldest.

2. Scientific diplomacy

Scientific diplomacy eludes an agreed definition, but is generally understood to

include three aspects

–

see (https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/what-science-

diplomacy_en, accessed in 2025):

1. Diplomacy for science – the use of diplomatic action to facilitate international

scientific collaboration, for example, by negotiating research and development

agreements and exchange programs or by enabling the establishment of international

research infrastructures;

2. Science for diplomacy – the use of science as a power to promote diplomatic

objectives, for example, to build bridges between nations and create goodwill on which

diplomatic relations can be built;

3. Science in diplomacy – the direct support of diplomatic processes through

science, for example, by providing scientific advice and evidence to inform and support

decision-making in foreign and security policies.

In the European Union / Europe there are many examples of institutions

established with both scientific and science diplomacy motivation:

1. The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), established in 1954.

2. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, established in

1957.

3. The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), established in

1972.

4. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), under

construction in the south of France – operational by 2035.

5. The Synchrotron System for Experimental Science and Applications in the

Middle East (SESAME) – with financial support also from the EU, an international centre

Academy of Romanian Scientists | 33

Journal of Knowledge Dynamics

Vol. 3 (2026) No.1, pp. 31-43

of excellence for Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Egypt, Jordan, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey

and Cyprus – inaugurated in 2017.

6. New institutional actors have emerged, such as the International Council for

Science, created in 2018.

3. Cyber diplomacy

Cyberspace is a complex and (still) unexplored and evolving territory. States use common

and accepted rules, protocols, and behaviours to facilitate interactions between global

actors in the public and private sectors. Due to the nature of cyberspace, it is important

to engage in cyber diplomacy rather than relying solely on cyber defence (adapted from

Error! Hyperlink reference not valid., accessed in 2025).

Cyber diplomacy is the art, science, and means by which nations, groups, or individuals

operate in cyberspace to protect their interests and advance their political, economic,

cultural, or scientific relationships, while maintaining peaceful relations (adapted from

Error! Hyperlink reference not valid., accessed in 2025). Cyber diplomacy should

minimize the consequences of (adapted from Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.,

accessed in 2025):

1. cyber aggression,

2. cyber attacks on critical infrastructure,

3. data breaches, cybercrime,

4. cyber espionage,

5. online theft

6. offensive cyber operations by state or non-state actors.

The Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace, launched on 12 November 2018 at the

Paris Peace Forum, addresses emerging and under-regulated cyber challenges. States,

companies (including Microsoft, Kaspersky, Siemens, Google, Facebook), professional

associations and civil society organizations are discussing solutions for the regulation of

cyberspace, the enforceability of international law and responsible behaviour of states

(adapted from Error! Hyperlink reference not valid., accessed in 2025). The 9

Principles - The Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace

1. Protecting People and Infrastructure

2. Protecting the Internet

3. Defending Electoral Processes

4. Defending Intellectual Property

5. Non Proliferation

6. Lifecycle Security

7. Cyber Hygiene

8. No Private Cyberattacks

9. International Norms

4. Energy Diplomacy

Energy diplomacy refers to the way in which states and international actors manage and

negotiate their energy resources, trade relations and energy-related interests; this is

essential for the energy security of any country, energy being the vital factor for the

functioning of modern economies (Apostol, 2023).

5. Cultural Diplomacy

Cultural diplomacy can be defined as the exchange of ideas, information, art and other

aspects of culture between nations and their populations, with the aim of promoting

mutual understanding with direct implications for improving bilateral relations.

6. Educational Diplomacy

Educational diplomacy uses initiatives to achieve educational objectives in order to build

international relations. We can include student exchange programs, joint study programs

34 | Bogdan TIGANOAIA, Petrisor-Ionut ANGHEL

Informatics Technologies in Scientific Diplomacy, in the Context of Classical and Cyber Diplomacy

between universities in different countries and initiatives that promote global educational

objectives, such as Sustainable Development Goal 4 - quality education for all.

7. Economic Diplomacy

Economic diplomacy ensures an efficient framework for institutional cooperation in order

to carry out concerted efforts to promote Romania's economic objectives abroad and,

respectively, to support the attraction of foreign investment in Romania (Romanian

Foreign

Ministry,

Economic

diplomacy,

accessed

in

07.07.2025,

https://www.mae.ro/node/1418/1).

Informatics Technologies

1. Blockchain

Blockchain technology is based on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), which allows

direct transactions between users without the need for intermediaries or a centralized

authority to oversee them. Transactions are validated with a consensus mechanism within

an interconnected network of computers. What is a blockchain? In 1991, Stuart Haber and

W. S. Stornetta published a paper titled How to Apply a Time Stamp to a Digital Document,

in which they proposed a method for digitally time stamping documents using hash

functions, digital signatures, and data stored in blocks. This paper is considered to be the

first description of the blockchain concept. Today, we refer to the term “blockchain” as a

distributed database or ledger that is shared among the nodes of a computer network and

stores data in blocks that are linked together using various consensus algorithms. Being

open and distributed, blockchain offers immutability, security, and transparency. In 2008,

Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,

in which he proposed a decentralized financial instrument using a digital currency called

Bitcoin. It proposes a peer-to-peer network that uses proof-of-work to record a public

history of transactions.

There are several organizations with connections to blockchain development, such as:

• IBM is the most involved and a major investor.

• Mastercard is another organization that has over 100 blockchain patents filed. This

company uses the technology to increase fraud protection and reduce transaction costs

(Investopedia accessed in 2025). According to Investopedia, the three largest blockchain

companies are:

→ Coinbase Global Inc. (San Francisco, CA, USA)—COIN;

→ Canaan Inc. (Beijing, China)—CAN;

→ Galaxy Digital Holdings Ltd. (New York, NY, USA)—BRPHF.

2. Quantum Technologies

Quantum technologies use the principles of quantum mechanics – for example,

superposition and inseparability – to develop new capabilities in the fields of computation,

communication and detection. These technologies are in their infancy, opening up new

research directions, but have the potential to revolutionize various fields: data security,

healthcare, finance, national security, etc. Key areas to explore in the field of quantum

technologies:

1. Quantum Computing - This field aims to create computers that can perform

calculations far beyond the capabilities of classical computers, using qubits, which can

exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition. Companies such as IBM are

leaders in the development of quantum hardware with qubit processors.

2. Quantum Communication: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses quantum

mechanics to enable secure communication by detecting eavesdropping attempts. Nokia

is researching quantum-resistant cryptography and quantum key distribution to enhance

security.

3. Quantum networks: aim to connect quantum computers and sensors.

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4. Quantum Sensing: Quantum sensors are characterized by very good sensitivity

and precision in measuring physical quantities such as time, magnetic fields and gravity.

Applications in the field can be in areas such as: health, environmental monitoring,

navigation, etc. Cold atom interferometry is being explored for applications in space and

defence.

Advantages of using quantum technologies:

1. Economic potential – by 2035, trillions of dollars

2. Changes in society – by using quantum technologies, challenges in areas such

as: climate change, new materials, new medicines are considered.

3. National security – quantum technologies, especially quantum computing and

communications, have implications for national security, including cryptography and

surveillance.

4. Public Policy - Governments and policy makers are actively involved in

developing strategies to encourage the development of quantum technologies, address

potential risks and ensure responsible development.

Challenges / Opportunities in the field of Quantum computing and technologies:

1. Building and scaling quantum computers and networks remains a significant

challenge.

2. Ethical considerations: The development and implementation of quantum

technologies raises ethical questions regarding privacy, security and potential misuse.

3. International collaboration: International collaboration is crucial for sharing

knowledge, resources and best practices in the field.

The topic is obviously not completely exhausted / covered, we can find more

details about Quantum Technologies here - https://www.nokia.com/quantum/quantum-

technologies-explained/

3. Cloud, Edge and Fog Computing

Cloud computing, edge computing and fog computing are all methods of providing

computing services, but they differ in their approach to where data processing and storage

take place.

Cloud computing is a centralized model in which data is processed and stored on remote

servers:

• Centralized: Data is processed and stored on remote servers accessed via the

internet.

• Scalable: Resources can be easily scaled up or down, depending on demand.

• Examples: Websites, online applications, large-scale data analysis.

• Advantages: Cost-effective for many applications, easy to manage, scalable and

accessible from anywhere.

• Disadvantages: Latency can be an issue for real-time applications, security

issues when transmitting sensitive data.

Edge computing brings processing closer to the data source, often directly on devices:

• Decentralized: Processing occurs closer to the data source, often on or near the

device.

• Low latency: Ideal for real-time applications where fast response times are

crucial.

• Examples: Autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, video surveillance.

• Advantages: Low latency, improved security, bandwidth savings.

• Disadvantages: Limited processing power on edge devices, more complex to

manage than the cloud.

Fog computing acts as a bridge between the two, distributing processing between edge

devices and the cloud:

• Hybrid: Extends cloud computing capabilities to the edge of the network, acting

as an intermediate layer between edge devices and the cloud.

36 | Bogdan TIGANOAIA, Petrisor-Ionut ANGHEL

Informatics Technologies in Scientific Diplomacy, in the Context of Classical and Cyber Diplomacy

• Distributed processing: Data can be processed at various points along the

network, from edge devices to fog nodes and the cloud.

Examples: Smart cities, industrial IoT, content delivery networks.

• Advantages: Reduces latency compared to cloud-only solutions, handles more

complex processing than edge solutions alone, manages data flow between edge and

cloud.

• Disadvantages: More complex to implement than edge or cloud, requires careful

network design.

4. IoT and BigData

IoT devices collect data from the environment, such as temperature data from a smart

thermostat or machine health data from industrial equipment. The devices continuously

send information over the internet, often in real time (Pritesh Patel, 2024).

Big Data platforms store and process this data. Because IoT devices can generate large

volumes of data, managing them becomes difficult with traditional databases. Big Data

technologies such as Hadoop and Spark can process and store data in distributed systems,

which can allow companies to work more efficiently with large data sets (Pritesh Patel,

2024).

5. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) - represent the pinnacle of

contemporary technological innovation. These revolutionary fields are the basis of many

transformative changes in modern society, redefining industrial processes, business

models and human-technology interaction (Bittnet Report - AI and ML: The technologies

that are transforming the future, accessed in 2025)

6. Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) - virtual reality involves the

experience in a virtual environment without sensory contact with the environment

around you, while augmented reality superimposes 3D objects on the real world, precisely

to create the sensation that everything is real. Augmented reality is not a fully immersive

experience like virtual reality (VR), the latter requiring the use of a special headset (Soft

Tehnica Report, 2025)

7. Business information systems – ERP, CRM, WMS, SFA, BI

ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning

CRM – Customer Relationship Management

WMS - Warehouse Management System

SFA - Sales Force Automation

BI – Business Intelligence

Objectives and Methodology of Our Research

The objective of the research is the development of a decentralized web3 platform,

based on Blockchain technologies - for details see (Tiganoaia et Alexandru, 2026) and

(Tiganoaia et Anghel, 2026) – including smart contracts and Quantum, useful for

education and diplomacy. Regarding the research methodology, the research used

scientific research tools and methods, as follows:

• software modelling and simulation.

• bibliographic research.

• case study.

These scientific research tools and methods are integrated into the research plan,

which contains activities, along with the implementation period.

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Activities / results / what is next ?

1. Designing a decentralized platform useful for science diplomacy courses - where

assistants and teachers can securely upload and manage course materials,

training or assignments. This stage has been completed.

2. Implementing the decentralized platform - we are at the beta version of the

platform, for which we have tested several performance indicators / metrics. This

is the second step after the alpha version.

3. Next comes the final version of the application and its analysis in terms of

performance indicators (times, scalability, etc.) - details in the next 2026 report.

The approach is a hybrid one:

1. classic authentication using J. PAKE and

2. simulated quantum key exchange (via IBM Qiskit Runtime) for increased

session security.

The content is stored off-chain via IPFS (Interplanetary File System - https: / /

docs. ipfs. tech / ), with metadata and CIDs stored on a blockchain using smart contracts

(Solidity). The goal is to simulate quantum-enhanced security within a scalable and

decentralized storage architecture - Hybrid (classical - quantum) architecture for

decentralized educational platform. Our architecture enables quantum-enhanced

authentication - providing an experimental but future-oriented alternative to fully

classical systems.

1. Architecture Description

The architecture – see Figure 1, consists of a modular, layered structure, comprising the

components:

• frontend - in the world of web and software development, the frontend is everything that

a user sees, clicks, and interacts with directly on a website or app. It is often referred to as

the client-side because it runs right inside the user's web browser.

• backend - the back end is the behind-the-scenes machinery of a website or application.

It consists of the server, the application logic, and the database. Users never see it directly,

but it is responsible for processing data, handling user authentication, power-housing

business logic, and making sure the front end has the information it needs to function.

• quantum service integration,

• decentralized storage (IPFS), and

• blockchain ledger.

The decentralized storage (IPFS) stands for Inter Planetary File System. IPFS is a very

real, groundbreaking technology designed to change how data is stored and shared across

the internet. IPFS is a decentralized, peer-to-peer (P 2 P) network for storing and sharing

files. To understand the differences it is helpful to compare IPFS to the traditional web.

The standard internet we use every day relies on HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).

IPFS approaches data completely differently.

•

HTTP is Location-Based - When an user looks for a file using HTTP, the client uses

a URL ( like https : / / name . com / ). This tells the browser where the file is (on

a specific server owned by a specific company). The Problem: If that server

crashes, gets hacked, or the company goes out of business, the file vanishes. If

millions of people try to access it at once, the server crashes.

•

IPFS is Content-Based - Instead of asking where a file is, IPFS asks what the file

is. Every file uploaded to IPFS gets a unique cryptographic fingerprint called a CID

( Content Identifier ). The Solution: When an user looks for a file, the client

requests its CID. The IPFS network finds any computer (node) nearby that has a

copy of that file and pulls it from them.

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The backend orchestrates secure communication between layers, ensuring that user

actions (such as logging in and uploading files) pass through both classical authentication

and simulated quantum key phases before interacting with the storage or blockchain

subsystems. This architecture intentionally balances performance (classical primitives)

and research experimentation (quantum simulation), providing a platform for future

quantum enhancements once hardware QKD becomes practical.

Figure 1. The overall architecture of the Decentralized Platform (DP) system – our proposal

2. Sequential workflow for authentication, file upload, and file retrieval:

The focus is on authentication, quantum simulation and the content/file lifecycle

(upload, storage, retrieval)

–

see Figure 2a and Figure 2b. Users

–

teachers/assistants/students are classically authenticated using the J. PAKE protocol

(ensures mutual authentication and Man in the Middle attack resistance), followed by a

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simulation of a quantum key exchange process (BB84) via IBM’s Qiskit Runtime. This

quantum generated bit string hash is used to enhance session-level cryptographic tokens.

3. The platform's end-to-end workflow

Content files are uploaded via the frontend, stored in IPFS, and linked to metadata

stored in a blockchain ledger via smart contracts – see Figure 4. Access to files is governed

by retrieving CIDs from the blockchain and resolving them through the IPFS network.

Metadata (file type, user, timestamp, CID) is stored on the blockchain, ensuring file

auditability and tamper resistance. This flow is particularly relevant in academic

environments where data authenticity, decentralized integrity, and future-proof quantum

readiness are essential.

Users are provided with real-time visual feedback on their authentication status, upload

progress, quantum key simulation status, and blockchain-related actions.

Figure 2a. Sequential flow for authentication, file upload and retrieval – our proposal

40 | Bogdan TIGANOAIA, Petrisor-Ionut ANGHEL

Informatics Technologies in Scientific Diplomacy, in the Context of Classical and Cyber Diplomacy

Figure 2b. Sequential flow for authentication, file upload and retrieval – our

proposal

Figure 3. Frontend-Backend component diagram and REST API interaction - our proposal

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Figure 4. The platform's end-to-end workflow – our proposal

4. Frontend-Backend component diagram and REST API interaction

The frontend communicates securely with the backend API using authenticated REST

calls (secured with HTTPS and session tokens derived partially from simulated quantum

keys). The frontend-backend component diagram and REST API interaction are our

proposals and they can be found in the Figure 3.

A REST API interaction is the way two different computers or software applications

talk to each other over the internet. When the client uses an app on a phone, he does not

hold all the world's data inside it. Instead, it / he interacts with a remote server using a

set of rules called REST (REpresentational State Transfer). The core concept is a request

and response model. Every REST API interaction is a conversation based on a strict client-

server model:

•

the client (e.g., the mobile app or browser of the client) asks for something.

the server (the remote computer) processes the request and sends a response

back.

When the client initiates an interaction, it sends a package of information to the server

containing four main things: the URL (endpoint) - this is the digital address of the specific

data or service the client wants to interact with; the HTTP method (get, post, put, patch,

delete); the headers - these are like the metadata on an envelope and they contain extra

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Informatics Technologies in Scientific Diplomacy, in the Context of Classical and Cyber Diplomacy

information, such as authentication keys or the format of the data being sent (usually

application/json); the body - this contains the actual data the client wants to send to the

server. The server’s response - after receiving the request, the server processes it and

sends back a response containing two critical things: a status code (a three-digit number

telling the client how the request went); the payload (the data). Most modern REST APIs

return data in a lightweight format called JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), which looks

like a structured list of key-value pairs.

The proposed hybrid architecture is operational in the alpha simulation phase,

achieving a ~95% file upload success rate and nearly 100% for downloads on a sample of

50 files with sizes in the 10-1024KB range. The lower upload success rate can be

attributed to occasional instability in the cryptographic pipeline for larger files, as well as

IPFS latency during decentralized storage.

5. Platform implementation – beta version

To evaluate the preliminary performance of the proposed hybrid web application, we

implemented a Python simulation that generates approximate values for the main system

operations. So, the decentralized platform was implemented and we are at the beta

version of the platform, for which we have tested several performance indicators /

metrics. The final version is proposed for the end of the year (2026) – with an analysis in

terms of performance indicators (times, scalability, etc.). The performance metrics for the

implemented version can be viewed in the paper written by (Tiganoaia et Anghel, 2026)

and consist of:

1. Authentication Latency - Comparative distribution for J. PAKE, QKD and HKDF

- authentication latency comes from the quantum key distribution phase, which requires

approximately 0.6 to 1.5 seconds per session, while the additional cost introduced by

deriving the session key through HKDF is negligible. Therefore, for small files, the hybrid

authentication process remains under 2 seconds, demonstrating the feasibility of this

method in a decentralized educational context.

2. Upload latency components by file size - Impact of encryption, IPFS and

Blockchain operations - for file uploads, the total latency increases proportionally to the

file size due to the linear scaling of the encryption process.

3. Download latency components by file size - IPFS retrieval and decryption time

- the dominant factor is the latency for retrieving data from IPFS, which varies between

0.5 and 1.9 seconds, while file downloads require only minimal decryption time, with

values below 1 second, confirming the efficiency of the AEAD encryption scheme used.

4. Upload Throughput vs. File Size – The transfer rate varies depending on the file

size, reaching up to approximately 300KB/s for uploads.

5. Download Throughput vs. File Size – The transfer rate varies depending on the

file size, reaching up to approximately 600KB/s for downloads.

6. Upload and Download Success Rates - Platform Stability in Simulation.\

Conclusions

1. Classical authentication is secured by the J. PAKE protocol, which uses zero-

knowledge proofs to allow two parties to establish a shared secret over an insecure

channel without revealing the password or its hash. This choice provides robustness

against offline dictionary attacks and guarantees mutual authentication without

centralized password storage.

2. To extend this fundamental security, the system incorporates a simulated quantum

key distribution mechanism using IBM’s Qiskit Runtime. Scalability considerations were

addressed by offloading large data (such as video lectures or training modules) to IPFS.

Only the content identifiers (CIDs) and metadata are stored on the blockchain. This

separation between the data payload and metadata allows for availability without

overloading the blockchain or incurring high transaction costs.

3. A list of all the technologies and frameworks that will be used in our hybrid

decentralized authentication and storage platform, enhanced with quantum technology:

React, Vue, Flask, Gunicorn, IBM Qiskit SDK, Solidity, Infura, Ethereum, IPFS.

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Artificial intelligence instruments Declaration: The authors do not use Artificial

intelligence instruments for this research. All images and paragraphs are original.

Acknowledgments: Part of this paper was presented at the AOSR

Spring National Conference in May 2026

–

but without any

publication. The research is part of a project carried out by the

authors through Academy of Romanian Scientists.

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